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Two mechanisms of reduction took place: (i) solid state reduction by graphite and (ii) smelting reduction by dissolution of …
An Improved DC Arc Process for Chromite Smelting. were assumed to be LG6 chromite fines duff anthracite and coal limestone silica electrodes and air Slag metal gas dust and …
The mechanism and kinetics of the carbothermic reduction of a natural chromite was studied at 1300–1500°C in the presence of silica. Thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, energy...
The obtained Fe-Cr alloy has metallic yield of 81%, chromium recovery of 88% and specific Power consumption of 13 kWh/kg of Fe-Cr alloy. Produced ferrochrome has composition 55%Cr, 36% Fe, 7.8%C,...
Silica affected the reduction at and above 1400 °C. A two-stage reduction mechanism was established. The first stage, up to a reduction level of about 40 pct, is primarily confined …
As an example, SiO 2 was employed as a flux in a number of investigations, [31,32,34,35,37,38] to lower the ore mixture smelting point and promote a combination of solid-and liquid-state pre ...
The release of phosphorus could potentially influence plant–weathering interactions in the soil, complicating the analysis of the weathering process. In our present study, we applied dunite to agricultural soils to quantify the impact on inorganic carbon and dissolved silica fluxes in the presence and absence of crop plants.
The Reduction Mechanism of Chromite in the Presence of a Silica Flux P. WEBER and R.H. ERIC The reduction behavior of a natural chromite from the Bushveld Complex of …
Ferrochromium, which is a critical alloy in the production of stainless steel and high-alloying ferritic steel [], has been produced worldwide by carbothermic smelting reduction of chromite in submerged electric arc furnaces (SAF) for almost a century [2,3].More than 90% of the high carbon ferrochrome produced, with a typical …
Flux 1 is a siliceous mixture of Si02,CaO, A1203and MgO; flux 2 is highly siliceous containing Si02,·MgO and A1203,but no lime; fluxes 3 to 5 are all basic, flux 3 and 4 are composed of CaO, CaF2and Si02with flux 3 having a higher CaO:Si02ratio; flux 5 contains Al203in place of Si02•
The mechanism and kinetics of the carbothermic reduction of a natural chromite was studied at 1300–1500 °C in the presence of silica. Thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction …
A solid reduction process is described whereby chromite is reduced with the help of calcium chloride to produce ferrochrome alloy powders with high metal recovery. The process involves segregation reduction of chromite using graphite as the reductant and calcium chloride as the segregation catalyst.
Experimental studies on the smelting reduction of fluxed carbon–chromite composite pellets in Fe–Cr–C–Si alloys were carried out at 1520–1600°C. The reduction reaction was found to be favoured by high temperatures, a high lime addition in the pellets, a long pellet dissolution time, and a moderate melt Cr content.
Opta has a wide range of desulfurization products covering all areas of steelmaking, from hot metal to steel tapping fluxes to degassing fluxes. Sands Opta supplies tapping sands for electric furnaces and nozzle sands for ladle needs. Our products include chromite, zirconia, silica, and olivine sands.
Two mechanisms of reduction took place: (i) solid state reduction by graphite and (ii) smelting reduction by dissolution of chromite into the molten siliceous slag and subsequent reduction of...
World high carbon ferrochrome production, charge chrome and HCFeCr, was 6.0 million tonnes in 2005. The production increased by 2.8 per cent from the year 2004. Almost all ferrochrome is produced in submerged electric arc furnaces. The raw material in the production of ferrochrome is chromite, which is chrome and iron oxides containing mineral.
Silica affected the reduction at and above 1400 °C. A two-stage reduction mechanism was established. The first stage, up to a reduction level of about 40 pct, is primarily confined to iron metallization, and zoning is observed in partially reduced chromites.
The mechanism and kinetics of the carbothermic reduction of a natural chromite was studied at 1300–1500 °C in the presence of silica. Thermogravimetry, …
The chromite contained 39.6%Cr203, Type R Pt/Pt-Rh thermocouple and controlled by an 23.7%Fe203, 14.6%MGO, 15.2%A1203, 5.8%SIO2, Eurotherm 812 digital controller. The progress of the 0.4%CAO and 0.22%MNO. The calculated Cr/Fe ratio experiment was monitored with a video camera of the chromite was 1.635.
Chromite was mixed with carbon in stoichiometric and excess ratios. The samples were reduced under argon atmosphere at temperatures between 1,200° and 1,350°C The formed phases and alloy compositions of reduced chromite samples were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDAX and X …
High carbon ferrochrome is a carbon reduction product intermittently outgoing from the furnace. It is produced from ferrochrome minerals in the electric smelting furnace for continuous smelting by using the silica as flux and carbon as a reducing agent. Choose Grade. Click below and choose your desired grade of High Carbon FerroChrome. …
It is produced from ferrochrome minerals in the electric smelting furnace for continuous smelting by using the silica as flux and carbon as a reducing agent. Choose Grade Click below and choose your desired grade of High Carbon FerroChrome. HC8.0% Chromium 60% Min Carbon 8.0% Max Silicon 1.5% Max Phosphorus 0.03% Max Sulfur 0.03% Max
The conventional process for producing high carbon ferrochromium by smelting chromite ore in a submerged arc furnace is reviewed and its limitations highlighted with regard to (a) product quality through impurity removal, and (b) high power consumption for a given raw materials supply.
Fluxes are generally required to modify the slag-forming components in the chromite ore into a slag with the appropriate compositional characteristics for the targeted process metallurgy, melting temperature, and suitable tapping properties.