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Jul 14, 2014· 1. Block Caving Method Virendra Suryawanshi [email protected] 2. Introduction The one u/g mining method that has the potential to rival surface mining in output and cost is block caving. Block caving is the mining method in which masses, panels, or blocks of ore are undercut to induce caving, permitting the broken ore to ...
For block caving to be a viable option, the orebody must be massive and well fractured. This technique is therefore typically used on steeply dipping orebodies. Panel Cave Mining Techniques. A variation of block mining is panel mining, which is a process that divides the ore into sections and extracts it in a similar fashion to block mining.
The following steps should be completed when evaluating a mineral deposit for block caving: Apply typical costs and economic cut-off values to the resource block model and assess the resulting geometry and block values in terms of block caving – size, shape and available footprint area, and potential economic margins.
Feb 09, 2020· Block caving has fallen out of favor as other extraction techniques, such as the panel system, has proved more efficacious. In terms of production costs, however, block caving is more expensive than open pit mining and is restricted to projects where stripping costs would be prohibitive. The San Manuel block caving operation began on 24 Nov. 1955.
This Information Circular describes the development of block-caving methods and practices by the Miami Copper Co. at the Miami mine in Gila County, Arizona. It is one of a series published by the Bureau of Mines on mining methods, practices, and costs in various mining districts of the United States. This report gives a history of the district and outlines early prospecting and exploration includi
rate of these methods, make them cost-effective ones. The Block Caving method is an example of these methods, which is similar to surface mining methods in terms of production, in that the cost of production is low. Block caving is described by Laubscher (1994) as the lowest cost underground mining method provided
Mar 16, 2017· The cost of mining is low, because a large percentage of the ore is broken with little or no blasting, and the amount of timber used is small. A large output is possible. A large percentage of the ore can be saved. The ore can be kept freer of waste than in block caving. Disadvantages: It is limited in application to certain ores.
Mining costs, including all direct, indirect and fixed costs, except royalty and lease payments, ranged from $1.04 per ton for chamber and pillar to $1.35 per ton for block caving, using LHD's.
Apr 16, 2013· The block-caving method produces cheap per-unit ore at a cost that is comparable to that of open-pit mining. A tonne of ore from a block-caving operation costs $5 …
As block caving is the only underground method that can offer comparable open-pit production rates and operating costs, the technique is set for a strong future on the mining stage. AusProof is celebrating 25 years of business in Australia in 2019.
On a per unit cost basis, the development for block caving is no greater than for sublevel caving. Sink Shaft and develop decline for access to the orebody from the footwall. Drive multiple headings to prepare haulage ways, cross cuts to develop undercut and draw points. Drive other laterals as needed.
Block caving requires a large capital expenditure for development and is usually applicable for large-scale projects. This method usually has a lower operating cost per short ton than any other underground method, and often the highest capital cost.
Block caving offers lower operating costs than many open pit mining methods and, in many cases, lower environmental impacts. However, it is very capital- intensive, and one of the primary disadvantages is that it removes much of the supporting rock from under the
Block-caving copper mining methods and costs at the Miami Mine, Miami Copper Company, Gila County, Arizona I.C. 8271 (1965) 103 p.
Block caving. Block caving is an underground mining method that uses gravity to exploit massive, steeply dipping ore bodies located at depth. These ore bodies are generally low grade in nature and are too deep to be extracted through open pit mining. The technique is commonly used to extract low grade copper, copper-gold, iron and molybdenum ...
Mar 15, 2017· Block-caving copper mining methods and costs at the Miami mine, Miami Copper Company, Gila County, Arizona (1965) Hardwick, W. R. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines PDF; Empirical investigation and characterization of surface subsidence related to block cave mining (2013) Woo et al. International Journal of
Oct 01, 2020· Lowest mining cost per ton: Block cave mining operating costs are a fraction in comparison with any other underground mining method. Flexible production rate from cave mining methods : Block cave mining is driven by economies of scale, where production rates can reach up to 100 kilotonnes per day; however, there are smaller mines working ...
that large block caving projects are not immune from capital cost Zblow outs. Butcher (2003) suggests that design and execution problems can easily result in a blow out of capital in the region of 30%. Another hurdle company executives need to consider before committing to a block caving project is the long construction and payback period times.
term "block caving" is used for all types of gravity caving methods. There are three major systems of block caving, and the type of pipment used differentiates them;roduction equ (1) The first system based on the original block cave system is the grizzly or gravity system and is a full gravity system wherein the ore from the drawpoints flows ...
This Bureau of Mines report describes the unit cost procedure for estimating direct development costs within a cave block in an undercut block caving mine. Costs of supervision, labor, equipment, and supplies are combined to build a unit cost for each type and size of mine development opening in the block. These costs are then combined to estimate the direct cost for developing a ton of ore.
Caving is the lowest cost underground mining method for large near-vertical orebodies provided that the drawpoint size and the handling facilities are tailored to suit the caved material. The economic viability of a block cave and its productivity levels are dependent upon the degree of primary fragmentation that occurs within the seismogenic zone.
Jul 25, 2018· The cost of block cave mining is about 1/10 of the correspondent cost of conventional methods. The production rates can reach 30,000 to 100,000 tons per day. Moreover, drilling and blasting costs are far less, and there are no backfilling costs. Another benefit of block caving is the large reduction in surface waste disposal needs.
Block-caving Mining Methods and Costs Bagdad Mine, Bagdad Copper Corp. Yavapai County, Arizona I.C. 7890 (1959)
Keywords: mine design, ore handling system, block caving, caving projects 1 Introduction 1.1 Chuquicamata underground mine overview Supercaves (Araneda 2015; Flores 2014) is the name of the new generation of large block/panel caving mines, among which are Oyu Tolgoi, Grasberg Block Cave, Cadia East, Wafi-Golpu, El Teniente New Mine
An Introduction to Block and Panel Caving ... Costs (capital and operating) 2. Revenue 3. Time 1 March 2011 BMO Capital Markets 2011 Global Metals & Mining Conference 48 Investm ent in technology and innovation to drive value Cave dynamics • Block caving is inflexible and value locked in at the design phase • Important to understand cave ...
Jun 20, 2018· Once the caving is initiated, operating cost of the block cave is very low – comparable to the operating costs in open pit mining. Once caving is initiated, production can be ramped up until the production rate is almost equal to the caving rate.
The MacLean Ore Flow Suite for Block Caving (Bulk Mining) is what an underground mine needs to beat the challenges of ore flow blockages like drawpoint hang-ups and oversize that seriously impact productivity and increase overall mining costs. When caving is induced, competent ore bodies with coarse fragmentation and insufficient comminution ...
Jul 25, 2018· The cost of block cave mining is about 1/10 of the correspondent cost of conventional methods. The production rates can reach 30,000 to 100,000 tons per day. Moreover, drilling and blasting costs are far less, and there are no backfilling costs. Another benefit of block caving …